State environmental and health officials have reported that the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is suspected in the deaths of wild and domestic birds across several municipalities in Massachusetts. The Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife), the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR), and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) are advising against handling sick or dead birds and urging the public to report any suspected cases.
Since early 2022, incidents of HPAI have been recurrent in Massachusetts. In January 2025, an outbreak was suspected to cause the death of Canada geese, swans, and other birds in Plymouth. Preliminary positive cases are being reported elsewhere across the state. Officials believe that HPAI is widespread even where there have not been confirmed positives. Efforts are underway with partners to test suspected cases and work with municipalities for safe disposal of dead birds.
Both wild and domesticated birds can be infected by HPAI. Raptors, waterfowl, and aquatic birds are at higher risk, though all bird species can be susceptible. Wild mammals that scavenge on birds, like foxes, may also become infected.
The public is encouraged to report sick or deceased wild birds if five or more are found at a single location using a form available at mass.gov/reportbirds. Reports of sick or dead poultry should be made by calling MDAR’s Division of Animal Health or through mass.gov/reportpoultry.
Humans rarely contract avian influenza viruses; those who do often have direct contact with infected animals. For public health concerns related to HPAI, individuals can visit DPH’s Avian Influenza webpage or call their Division of Epidemiology.
The public is advised to avoid handling wildlife, particularly sick or dead animals. Pets should be kept leashed away from wildlife as cats are highly susceptible to HPAI infection. Hunters should follow best practices when processing game meat to minimize disease risk.
Poultry owners are urged to prevent contact between domestic flocks and wild migratory birds known to carry avian influenza viruses. Biosecurity measures should be practiced diligently, including isolating new or returning birds before integrating them into existing flocks.
For further information about HPAI, MassWildlife directs individuals to MDAR’s Avian Influenza webpage.
Massachusetts’ Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs continues its mission to protect environmental resources while ensuring clean energy for residents. MassWildlife focuses on conserving freshwater fish and wildlife within the Commonwealth.
